{"id":85,"date":"2018-07-04T18:35:07","date_gmt":"2018-07-04T18:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/?page_id=85"},"modified":"2022-12-22T17:59:37","modified_gmt":"2022-12-22T17:59:37","slug":"literatura-grisa-grey-literature","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/literatura-grisa-grey-literature\/","title":{"rendered":"Literatura grisa (<em>grey literature<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En la realitzaci\u00f3 de qualsevol treball final de m\u00e0ster, amb independ\u00e8ncia de la modalitat o la tem\u00e0tica que es tri\u00ef, hi ha un moment de gran import\u00e0ncia, que \u00e9s la cerca d\u2019informaci\u00f3 (revisi\u00f3 de literatura) per a la identificaci\u00f3 de la problem\u00e0tica en el camp, an\u00e0lisi de necessitats i\/o desenvolupament de l&#8217;enfocament te\u00f2ric conceptual.<\/p>\n<p>En tot cas, l\u2019estudiant haur\u00e0 de disposar d\u2019informaci\u00f3 suficient per a abordar propostes o solucions que tinguin una solidesa cient\u00edfica i una mirada actual de l&#8217;\u00e0mbit disciplinar de la qualitat a l&#8217;educaci\u00f3 superior. L\u2019acc\u00e9s a aquesta informaci\u00f3 permetr\u00e0 disposar dels progressos als quals s\u2019ha arribat en el camp d\u2019estudi, con\u00e8ixer les l\u00ednies de desenvolupament que segueixen altres investigadors i professionals o les solucions que s\u2019han donat a problemes similars a aquells a qu\u00e8 ens enfrontem (Garc\u00eda i Mart\u00ednez, 2012).<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9s necessari, per tant, que l\u2019estudiant tingui la capacitat de fer una <strong>revisi\u00f3 documental<\/strong> de documentaci\u00f3 de tipus cient\u00edfic, t\u00e8cnic-metodol\u00f2gic, pol\u00edtic, organitzacional, etc., que es produeix en aquest camp. Aix\u00f2 es concreta en cercar i identificar la informaci\u00f3 pertinent i con\u00e8ixer les caracter\u00edstiques de la producci\u00f3 de literatura especialitzada.<\/p>\n<p>En general, en el camp de l\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior, i m\u00e9s en concret en el de la gesti\u00f3 i avaluaci\u00f3 de la qualitat d\u2019aquesta, la literatura especialitzada \u00e9s de tres tipus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Llibres acad\u00e8mics (<em>handbooks<\/em>).<\/strong> Hi ha llibres dedicats a aspectes generals de la qualitat en l\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior, recopilacions de bones pr\u00e0ctiques a escales nacional i internacional, estats de la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 en contextos determinats, etc.<br \/>\nLa producci\u00f3 de monografies en aquest camp, m\u00e9s intensa als anys noranta del segle xx i al principi del segle xxi, no constitueix, per\u00f2, el volum m\u00e9s significatiu d\u2019informaci\u00f3 sobre el camp objecte de la gesti\u00f3 i avaluaci\u00f3 de la qualitat en l\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Revistes cient\u00edfiques.<\/strong> S\u00f3n diverses les revistes cient\u00edfiques o especialitzades que publiquen articles relacionats amb la qualitat de l\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior. A escala internacional, algunes publicacions, com <em>Quality in Higher Education<\/em>, tenen una tradici\u00f3 significativa.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Literatura grisa.<\/strong> Cada vegada m\u00e9s, les entitats o organitzacions que es relacionen directament o indirectament amb la qualitat en l\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior, sia de tipus acad\u00e8mic, cient\u00edfic, governamental o empresarial, generen i publiquen directament documentaci\u00f3 d\u2019inter\u00e8s. Aquesta documentaci\u00f3, en formats m\u00e9s o menys tradicionals, constitueix la gran font d\u2019informaci\u00f3 en termes del volum de producci\u00f3 avui dia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La <strong>literatura grisa <\/strong>es defineix com la composta per documents diversos produ\u00efts per entitats fora dels circuits tradicionals comercials o de publicaci\u00f3 acad\u00e8mica. Poden estar disponibles en acc\u00e9s en obert, necessitar un registre previ al seu \u00fas o estar disponibles per a la compra.<\/p>\n<p>La proliferaci\u00f3 de la literatura grisa es veu afavorida, entre altres motius, per les facilitats per a publicar i difondre la informaci\u00f3 que proporcionen les tecnologies, i per les exig\u00e8ncies de transpar\u00e8ncia i rendici\u00f3 de comptes a les quals estan sotmeses les entitats (especialment les de car\u00e0cter p\u00fablic).<\/p>\n<p>La literatura grisa t\u00e9 m\u00faltiples formes o \u00e9s de diversos tipus documentals, la qual cosa fa molt complicat establir-ne una classificaci\u00f3 o llista exhaustiva. En aquesta fitxa es proporciona informaci\u00f3 i exemples dels principals. Els tipus documentals m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents i rellevants en la literatura grisa del camp de la qualitat de l\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Documents de pol\u00edtiques (<em>policy documents<\/em>)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ehea.info\/cid100210\/ministerial-conference-bologna-1999.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Declaraci\u00f3 de Bolonya<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esu-online.org\/?policy=2013-policy-paper-on-quality-of-higher-education-amended\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>ESU Policy paper on quality of higher education<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Est\u00e0ndards (<em>standards<\/em>)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.enqa.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ESG_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Standards and Guidelines for QA in the European Higher Education Area<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Directrius (<em>guidelines<\/em>)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inqaahe.org\/guidelines-good-practice-ggp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>INQAAHE Guidelines of Good Practice<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/edu\/skills-beyond-school\/35779480.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>OECD Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-border Higher Education<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oei.int\/downloads\/disk\/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9JYTJWNVNTSWhaalJ3WkdSeWRHUXdOalpoWlhsbE5IbDRiV2wzZUd0M04zb3piZ1k2QmtWVU9oQmthWE53YjNOcGRHbHZia2tpVzJsdWJHbHVaVHNnWm1sc1pXNWhiV1U5SW1kMWFXRXRaWFpoYkhWaFkybHZiakV4TURaa0xuQmtaaUk3SUdacGJHVnVZVzFsS2oxVlZFWXRPQ2NuWjNWcFlTMWxkbUZzZFdGamFXOXVNVEV3Tm1RdWNHUm1CanNHVkRvUlkyOXVkR1Z1ZEY5MGVYQmxTU0lVWVhCd2JHbGpZWFJwYjI0dmNHUm1CanNHVkE9PSIsImV4cCI6IjIwMjEtMDktMjlUMTE6NTg6NTcuNTg4WiIsInB1ciI6ImJsb2Jfa2V5In19--02a3a098b5aa15df99233ff860ea47af37816c11\/guia-evaluacion1106d.pdf?content_type=application%2Fpdf&amp;disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D%22guia-evaluacion1106d.pdf%22%3B+filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27guia-evaluacion1106d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>OEI\u00a0Gu\u00eda de Calidad Iberoamericana sobre Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Informes anuals (<em>annual reports<\/em>)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aneca.es\/eng\/Documents-and-Publications\/Reports-about-Higher-Education-Quality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>ANECA Reports about Higher Education Quality<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Papers de treball (<em>working papers<\/em>):\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cesifo-group.de\/ifoHome\/publications\/docbase\/DocBase_Content\/WP\/WP-CESifo_Working_Papers\/wp-cesifo-2015\/wp-cesifo-2015-08\/12012015005480\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>CESIfo Group Working Papers<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.enqa.eu\/index.php\/publications\/papers-reports\/occasional-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>ENQA Occasional Papers<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pon\u00e8ncies i comunicacions en congressos\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eua.be\/activities-services\/events\/event\/2017\/11\/23\/default-calendar\/12th-european-quality-assurance-forum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>12th European Quality Assurance Forum<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Glossaris\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qualityresearchinternational.com\/glossary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Analytic Quality Glossary<\/em><\/a> <u>(L. Harvey)<\/u><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.riaces.org\/v1\/index.php\/servicios\/glosario-riaces\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Glossari RIACES<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Altres tipus documentals que tamb\u00e9 contenen informaci\u00f3 de rellev\u00e0ncia sobre qualitat de l\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Informes de recerca\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/edu\/imhe\/44058352.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Fabrice (2010). <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/edu\/imhe\/44058352.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Learning our lesson review of quality teaching in higher education: Review of quality teaching in higher education<\/em><\/a> (n\u00fam. 2). OECD Publishing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Documents governamentals\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.um.edu.my\/docs\/default-source\/about-um_document\/media-centre\/um-magazine\/4-executive-summary-pppm-2015-2025.pdf?sfvrsn=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/vital.new.voced.edu.au\/vital\/access\/services\/Download\/ngv:56737\/SOURCE201?view=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Assuring quality while reducing the higher education regulatory burden<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/services.parliament.uk\/bills\/2016-17\/highereducationandresearch\/stages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Bill stages &#8211; Higher Education and Research Act 2017<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2017\/29\/contents\/enacted\/data.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Higher Education and Research Act 2017<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Informes t\u00e8cnics\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk\/sites\/files\/oxford\/International%20Trends%20in%20Higher%20Education%202015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>International Trends in Higher Education 2015<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Informes d\u2019experts\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.europa.eu\/en\/publication-detail\/-\/publication\/fbd4c2aa-aeb7-41ac-ab4c-a94feea9eb1f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">High Level Group on the Modernisation of Higher Education<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Informes de projectes\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/edu\/skills-beyond-school\/AHELOFSReportVolume1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>AHELO Feasability Study Report<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tesis de mestratge\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bada.hb.se\/bitstream\/2320\/3709\/1\/HosseinSanazPouya.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Total Quality Management in Higher Education Case Study: Quality in Practice at University College of Bor\u00e5s<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tesis de doctorat\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ddd.uab.cat\/search?f=title&amp;p=The%20Internal%20quality%20assurance%20as%20an%20instrument%20for%20the%20integration%20and%20improving%20of%20higher%20education%20analysis%20of%20best%20practices%20in%20the%20European%20Union%20and%20Latin%20America%20\/&amp;sc=1&amp;ln=ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Internal quality assurance as an instrument for the integration and improving of higher education: analysis of best practices in the European Union and Latin America<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Directrius de pol\u00edtiques\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/edu\/imhe\/QT%20policies%20and%20practices.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Fostering Quality Teaching in Higher Education: Policies and Practices<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Llibres blancs\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/higher-education-success-as-a-knowledge-economy-white-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Higher education: success as a knowledge economy &#8211; white paper<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Llibres verds\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.universitiesuk.ac.uk\/policy-and-analysis\/reports\/Pages\/higher-education-green-paper-one-page-summaries.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Higher Education Green Paper<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Notes t\u00e8cniques\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/550231\/he-research-bill-tech-note.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Higher Education and Research Bill: Technical note on market entry and quality assurance<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Notes de pol\u00edtica\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/go8.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/go8policynote1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Guiding policy principles for higher education<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Recomanacions\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1390377086277&amp;uri=CELEX:32006H0143\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 on further European cooperation in quality assurance in higher education<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La <strong>validesa <\/strong>d\u2019aquests documents es pot determinar per:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>El nivell de reputaci\u00f3 i reconeixement de l\u2019organitzaci\u00f3 que els elabora o encarrega (organitzacions governamentals i no governamentals, institucions, fundacions, associacions, col\u00b7legis professionals, empreses enquestadores, empreses comercials, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>La reputaci\u00f3 de l\u2019autor o autors (credencials de formaci\u00f3, lloc de treball ocupat, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>La metodologia utilitzada en l\u2019elaboraci\u00f3 (m\u00e8todes reconeguts, processos de validaci\u00f3, mostres significatives, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019exist\u00e8ncia d\u2019algun mecanisme de revisi\u00f3 d\u2019experts o d\u2019un altre tipus.<\/li>\n<li>La credibilitat de les fonts citades.<\/li>\n<li>La qualitat de l\u2019escrit (objectivitat, llenguatge i estil formals, estructura clara, evid\u00e8ncies presentades, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>Les dades de la publicaci\u00f3 (data, autor, codis d\u2019identificaci\u00f3, facilitat per a ubicar-lo, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Com m\u00e9s elements com aquests es puguin identificar en el document, m\u00e9s gran en ser\u00e0 l\u2019autoritat i credibilitat.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Les associacions, organismes i ag\u00e8ncies que publiquen literatura rellevant i autoritzada sobre aquest \u00e0mbit s\u00f3n les seg\u00fcents:<\/p>\n<p>Organitzaci\u00f3 de les Nacions Unides per a l\u2019Educaci\u00f3, la Ci\u00e8ncia i la Cultura (UNESCO) (Educaci\u00f3 Superior)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/themes\/higher-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/themes\/higher-education\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Organitzaci\u00f3 per a la Cooperaci\u00f3 i el Desenvolupament Econ\u00f2mic (OCDE)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Banc Mundial<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.worldbank.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Organitzaci\u00f3 de les Nacions Unides (ONU)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.un.org\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inqaahe.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.inqaahe.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.enqa.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.enqa.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>European Association of Institutions in Higher Education (EURASHE)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurashe.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.eurashe.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>European University Association (EUA)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eua.be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.eua.be\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>European Students\u2019 Union (ESU)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esu-online.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.esu-online.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>European Consortium for Accreditation (ECA)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ecahe.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ecahe.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Red Iberoamericana para la Acreditaci\u00f3n de la Calidad de la Educaci\u00f3n Superior (RIACES)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.riaces.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.riaces.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Centro de Desarrollo Universitario (CINDA)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cinda.cl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cinda.cl\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Commonwealth of Learning (Higher Education)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.col.org\/programmes\/higher-education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.col.org\/programmes\/higher-education<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Agencia Nacional de Evaluaci\u00f3n de la Calidad y Acreditaci\u00f3n (ANECA) (Espanya)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aneca.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.aneca.es\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ag\u00e8ncia per a la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya (AQU)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aqu.cat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.aqu.cat\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) (International Quality Group)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chea.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.chea.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Consejo para la Acreditaci\u00f3n de la Educaci\u00f3n Superior (COPAES) (M\u00e8xic)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copaes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.copaes.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sistema Nacional de Evaluaci\u00f3n, Acreditaci\u00f3n y Certificaci\u00f3n de la Calidad Educativa (SINEACE) (Per\u00fa)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sineace.gob.pe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sineace.gob.pe\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Consejo Nacional de Acreditaci\u00f3n (CNA) (Colombia)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cna.gov.co\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cna.gov.co<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Consejo de Evaluaci\u00f3n, Acreditaci\u00f3n y Aseguramiento de la Calidad de la Educaci\u00f3n Superior (CEAACES) (Ecuador)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceaaces.gob.ec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ceaaces.gob.ec<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sistema Nacional de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de la Educaci\u00f3n Superior (SINACES) (Chile)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cned.cl\/sistema-nacional-de-aseguramiento-de-la-calidad-de-la-educacion-superior-sinaces\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cned.cl\/sistema-nacional-de-aseguramiento-de-la-calidad-de-la-educacion-superior-sinaces<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) (Regne Unit)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.qaa.ac.uk\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Calidad en Educaci\u00f3n Superior a Distancia (CALED)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.caled-ead.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.caled-ead.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>European Association of Distance Teaching Universities (EADTU)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/e-xcellencelabel.eadtu.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/e-xcellencelabel.eadtu.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>European Quality Assurance Forum (EQAF)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eua.be\/policy-representation\/quality-assurance\/eqaf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.eua.be\/policy-representation\/quality-assurance\/eqaf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En la realitzaci\u00f3 de qualsevol treball final de m\u00e0ster, amb independ\u00e8ncia de la modalitat o la tem\u00e0tica que es tri\u00ef, hi ha un moment de gran import\u00e0ncia, que \u00e9s la cerca d\u2019informaci\u00f3 (revisi\u00f3 de literatura) per a la identificaci\u00f3 de la problem\u00e0tica en el camp, an\u00e0lisi de necessitats i\/o desenvolupament de l&#8217;enfocament te\u00f2ric conceptual. En [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":163,"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85\/revisions\/163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tfm-qes.recursos.uoc.edu\/fitxes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}